Java is a purely object-oriented programming language
developed by Sun Microsystems
in 1991. Initially it was named "Oak" by Games Gosling and his team.
In 1995, it was renamed as Java. Being an object oriented language, it has the
features of object oriented programming language embedded within it such as the
following.
Encapsulation -It is the process of combining the data and
codes into a single unit called class.
Inheritance -It is the process of defining a new class from
an already existing class. Here the existing class is called the baseclass and
the new class is called the derived class. The derived class possesses all the
functionalities of the baseclass as well as some new functionalities of its
own.
Polymorphism -It is the property by virtue of which the same
object behaves differently under different circumstances.
Primarily the motivation of developing Java was to create a
language through which writing programs should be possible so that they can be
executed in any kind of CPU and with the evolution of Internet, Java became
popular for writing Internet based applications.