Understanding SAO and CAO Activation Methods in .NET Remoting
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by Abhishek Kumar Singh
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SAO - SingleCall activation implementation

In SAO, SingleCall remote object activation, each remote method call creates new instance of the remote object at the server end. When a client finishes its remote calls, the server deletes object instance which was created for it. Therefore, we cannot do state management at the server among multiple clients. In other words, we cannot share variable or manage state among different calls since a new object initializes for each client remote method call. It also means that the server object constructor New() executes for each remote object creation at the client so as for each remote method call by client.

For example, if client A halts at some line of code in the execution then a call from other client (say B, C, D, etc.) does not wait in any queue at the server and so does not wait for client A to finish its execution. All executes are an independent thread.

Now we will see how we can implement SAO in .NET. For better understanding I have separated the remote object creation code and remote class/method implementation code in Module and Class file respectively in this example. There are few commented lines which I used in my tests, please remove it if you want.

Listing 1: SAO (Well-known)-SingleCall Module and Main() implementation for server in VB.NET (Module1.vb)

Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Runtime.Remoting
Imports System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels
Imports System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Http
Module Module1
    Sub Main()
 
        ' ------- SAO Singleton ----------
        Dim channel As HttpChannel = New HttpChannel(1)
        Try
            ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(channel, False)
            Dim serverType As Type = Type.GetType("RemoteServer.CServer")
            RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(serverType, _
                "TestRemoteServer", WellKnownObjectMode.SingleCall)
 
            Console.WriteLine("Remote Service started...Press Enter key to stop." _
                & Now.ToString())
            Console.Read()
 
        Catch ex As Exception
            Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString())
            Console.Read()
            ChannelServices.UnregisterChannel(channel)
        Finally
 
        End Try
 
        ' ---------------------------------
    End Sub
End Module

Listing 2: SAO (Well-known)-SingleCall Class implementation for server in VB.NET (Server.vb)

Imports System.Runtime.Remoting
Imports System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels
Imports System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Http
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports System.Runtime.Remoting.Lifetime
 
Public Class CServer
    Inherits MarshalByRefObject
    Implements ILibrary.IServer
    Public sClientCallsInOrder As Integer = 0
 
    Public Function GetServerMessage(ByVal ClientName As StringAs String _
      Implements ILibrary.IServer.GetServerMessage
        sClientCallsInOrder = sClientCallsInOrder + 1
        Console.WriteLine("**Call By :: " & sClientCallsInOrder & " :: " & _
          ClientName & " :: " & Now.ToString())
        Dim ResponseMessage As String = Nothing
        If Not ClientName Is Nothing Then
            If ClientName.ToUpper() = "CLIENT_A" Then
                Dim x
                x = 10
                ' Threading.Thread.Sleep(20000)
            End If
            ResponseMessage = "Hello " & ClientName & "! Welcome at Remote Server"
        End If
        'sClientCallsInOrder = sClientCallsInOrder & " :: [" & ClientName & "]"
        Console.WriteLine("   Finish :: " & sClientCallsInOrder & " :: " & _
          ClientName & " :: " & Now.ToString())
 
        Return (ResponseMessage)
    End Function
 
    Public Sub New()
        Console.WriteLine("Object constructor called :: " & Now.ToString())
    End Sub
 
    Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
        MyBase.Finalize()
    End Sub
End Class

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