Working with GoF's Design Patterns in JavaScript Programming
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by Xianzhong Zhu
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Working with the Command Pattern

As usual, let us look at the definition of the Command Pattern.

(1) Concept

The Command pattern encapsulates requests, invocations, or operations into an object. In detail, the Command pattern allows the system to parameterize the clients using different claims, queuing up the requests, recording request records, etc. The Command pattern can separate the responsibilities of issuing commands from those of executing commands, delegating them to the different objects.

(2) Example

In this section, I will explain the application of Command pattern by dissecting the design idea of constructing a JavaScript based calculator application.

What first comes to my mind is to define the following Calculator object which includes four methods relating to the four arithmetic operations respectively.

Listing 22

var Calculator={
// addition
add: function(x,y) {
return x+y;
},
// subtraction
substract: function(x, y) {
return x-y;
},
// multiplication
multiply: function(x, y) {
return x*y;
},
// division
divide: function(x, y) {
return x/y;
},
};

To be honest, based on the above Calculator object, we can carry out the four basic arithmetic operations by directly invoking the methods, such as "Calculator.add," and "Calculator.substract," etc. In some circumstances, however, we do not expect to invoke the inner methods inside the Calculator object directly. The reason for this is apparent: this will increase the dependencies among objects. In another word, if the internal logics of the Calculator object change, then all the code scripts that carry out the calculations associated with the Calculator have to be modified in the meantime. This, as you may imagine, will violate the principle advocated by OOP-- to loosely couple the objects as much as possible.

According to the design pattern related theories put forward by GoF, we can leverage the Command pattern to improve the above design. Here, the basic idea of the Command pattern is: take any type of calculations as a request to the Calculator object, the contents of a request including the type of operation and the related operands. Hence, using the code below you can get the result of the formula of "1+2."

Listing 23

Calculator.calc({
type: "add", // addition
op1:1, //the first operand is 1
op2:2 // the second operand is 2
});

According to the format above, we can conclude the definition for the "Calculator.calc" method as follows:

Listing 24

Calculator.calc=function(command)  {
return Calculator[command.type](command.opl,command.op2);
};

Consequently, we can use the following four "Calculator.calc" methods to carry out each kind of above-mentioned operations.

Listing 25

Calculator.calc({type: "add",opl:1,op2:1});
Calculator.calc({type: "Substract",opl:6,op2:2});
Calculator.calc({type: "multiply",opl:5,op2:2));
Calculator.calc({type: "divide",opl:8,op2:4));

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